Failure of <i>Ujamaa</i> in Modernising Wataturu Community in Igunga from the Early 1970s to the the Mid-1980s

Abstract Tanzania’s Rural Development Policy which encompassed, among other things, establishment of well-planned Ujamaa villages across the country, was a nation-wide agenda implemented immediately after Arusha Declaration 1967. The declaration marked actual beginning Ujamaa, socio-economic policy based on egalitarian principles traditional African societies practiced in Tanzania from 1967 to mid-1980s. Contrary government’s intentions, Wataturu negatively responded this programme since it conflicted with their socio-cultural set-up. Scholarships subject converge failure and success programme, its ecological impact as well land disputes social unrest resulting implementation policy. Yet, little is known about extent life, perceptions, beliefs, cattle economy determined responses, participation mobilization ( brediga ) - Datooga Igunga. This paper exploits ethno-historical accounts Igunga district archival materials collected part PhD project fill gap. establishes that modernisation through resettlement scheme were never reality for who uphold set-up great pride.